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        <h3 id="前言"><a href="#前言" class="headerlink" title="前言"></a>前言</h3><p>先前做 vue 项目时，对于代码分割做了一个 DllPlugin 的 demo ，项目内的收益也挺不错（编译时间减少了 20s 左右），但是今天在看文档时，无意间又扫到了 SplitChunksPlugin。那么问题就来了，先前用的是 DllPlugin ，它和这个 SplitChunksPlugin 又有什么区别呢。这里简单记录下调研所获得的一些收获。</p>
<a id="more"></a>
<h3 id="SplitChunksPlugin"><a href="#SplitChunksPlugin" class="headerlink" title="SplitChunksPlugin"></a>SplitChunksPlugin</h3><p>自 webpack 4.0 上线之后，CommonsChunkPlugin 已被替换成 SplitChunksPlugin，旨在优化 chunk 的拆分。了解 SplitChunksPlugin 之前，我们需要知道为什么会弃用 CommonsChunkPlugin，CommonsChunkPlugin 的设计思路是什么，目前的 SplitChunksPlugin 在原来的思路上有什么改进。因此先看看 CommonsChunkPlugin 的设计思路</p>
<h4 id="CommonsChunkPlugin-的设计思路"><a href="#CommonsChunkPlugin-的设计思路" class="headerlink" title="CommonsChunkPlugin 的设计思路"></a>CommonsChunkPlugin 的设计思路</h4><p>原本的 CommonsChunkPlugin 的思路为：</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Create this chunk and move all modules matching minChunks into the new chunk</p>
</blockquote>
<p>即：</p>
<blockquote>
<p>满足 minChunks 的引用次数时，都会将对应的模块抽离如一个新的 chunk 文件中，这个文件为所有的业务文件的父级。</p>
</blockquote>
<p>而这种设计思路带来了会造成模块打包冗余。总的来说会造成这么几个问题：</p>
<ul>
<li>产出的 chunk 在引入时，会包含重复的代码；</li>
<li>无法优化异步 chunk；</li>
<li>高优的 chunk 产出需要的 minchunks 配置比较复杂。</li>
</ul>
<p>让我们具体来看下面两种情况。</p>
<h5 id="产生多余模块"><a href="#产生多余模块" class="headerlink" title="产生多余模块"></a>产生多余模块</h5><p>假如我们的文件是这么配置的：</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">minChunks: 2</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">entryA: vuex vue Acomponent</span><br><span class="line">entryB: vue axios BComponent</span><br><span class="line">entryC: vue vuex axios CComponent</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>那么产出的文件为：</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">vendor-chunk: vuex vue axios</span><br><span class="line">chunkA~chunkC: only the Component</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><strong>带来的问题</strong>：entryB 并没有使用 vuex，entryA 并没有使用 axios ，但是从产出的文件上来看，entryA 与 entryB 都引入了部分“脏”模块，这并不太好。</p>
<h5 id="异步支持差"><a href="#异步支持差" class="headerlink" title="异步支持差"></a>异步支持差</h5><p>除此之外，CommonsChunkPlugin 对于异步的模块不是很友好。例如：</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">minChunks: 2</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">entryA: vuex vue Acomponent</span><br><span class="line">asyncB: vue axios BComponent</span><br><span class="line">entryC: vue vuex axios CComponent</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>产出的 chunk 为：</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">vendor-chunk：vue vuex</span><br><span class="line">chunkA: only the components</span><br><span class="line">asyncB: vue axios someComponents</span><br><span class="line">chunkC: axios someComponents</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><strong>带来的问题</strong>：异步引入 asyncB 之后会引入过多的 module。</p>
<h4 id="SplitChunksPlugin-的设计思路"><a href="#SplitChunksPlugin-的设计思路" class="headerlink" title="SplitChunksPlugin 的设计思路"></a>SplitChunksPlugin 的设计思路</h4><p>SplitChunksPlugin 优化了 webpack 的打包策略，使用自动重复算法，会自动计算出各页面公共的包引用以及部分页面公共的包引用，当然，对于那些部分共有但是阈值过小的文件其不会创建单独的输出文件，因为其大小不值得去新开一个请求。（缓存策略配置在 cacheGroup 中）</p>
<blockquote>
<p>注：减少 <code>maxInitial/AsyncRequest</code> 会加大 module 的冗余，但是会进一步的减少请求。</p>
</blockquote>
<p>SplitChunksPlugin 默认的分包策略基于以下 4 个条件：</p>
<ol>
<li>新代码块可以被共享引用，或这些模块都是来自 node_modules;</li>
<li>新产出的 vendor-chunk 的大小得大于 30kb;</li>
<li>按需加载的代码块（vendor-chunk）并行请求的数量不多于 5 次；</li>
<li>初始加载的代码块，并行请求的数量不多于 3 次。</li>
</ol>
<blockquote>
<p>SplitChunksPlugin 配合使用 RuntimeChunk 对运行时的 hash 变动做优化（相当于 CommonsChunkPlugin 的两次使用）</p>
</blockquote>
<h3 id="DllPlugin"><a href="#DllPlugin" class="headerlink" title="DllPlugin"></a>DllPlugin</h3><p>DLLPlugin 这个插件是在一个额外独立的 webpack 设置中创建一个只有 dll 的 bundle，也就是说，除了 webpack.config.js，项目中还会新建一个 webpack.dll.config.js 文件来配置 dll 的打包。webpack.dll.config.js 作用是把所有的第三方库依赖打包到一个 bundle 的 dll 文件里面，还会生成一个名为 manifest.json 文件。</p>
<p>该 manifest.json 的作用是用来让 DllReferencePlugin 映射到相关的依赖上去的。（可类比 CommonsChunkPlugin 的两次打包或者 RuntimeChunk 的运行包配置）</p>
<h4 id="DllPlugin-的设计思路"><a href="#DllPlugin-的设计思路" class="headerlink" title="DllPlugin 的设计思路"></a>DllPlugin 的设计思路</h4><p>SplitChunksPlugin 虽然也是将公共模块抽离，但是其每次打包的时候还是会去处理一些第三方依赖库，只是它能把第三方库文件和我们的代码分开掉，生成一个独立的 js 文件。但是它还是<strong>不能提高打包的速度</strong>。</p>
<p>DLLPlugin 它则是提前将公共的包构建出来，使得在 build 时过滤掉这些构建过的包，使得在正是构建时的速度缩短。所以其相对来说<strong>打包速度会更快</strong>。</p>
<h3 id="总结"><a href="#总结" class="headerlink" title="总结"></a>总结</h3><p>总的来说，两种打包的方式各有优劣。</p>
<p>如果开发的项目是锁定版本的，同时想要提升构建速度，这时候可以考虑使用 DllPlugin 的分包策略，提前将不变的一些依赖构建好，每次构建时仅构建业务代码即可。</p>
<p>如果项目会升级，同时想要减少后期对于打包步骤的操作（构建时间不考虑），那么优先使用 SplitChunksPlugin 来配置分包策略，毕竟 DllPlugin 得走两步。</p>
<p>对于两者一起使用的情况，目前查阅过两者一起使用的例子（貌似会打包重复，有冲突）不过网上的结论比较陈旧，笔者暂未做测试，之后空闲下来再做补充。</p>
<h3 id="参考文档"><a href="#参考文档" class="headerlink" title="参考文档"></a>参考文档</h3><ul>
<li><a href="https://www.cnblogs.com/wmhuang/p/8967639.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">webpack4：连奏中的进化</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/webpack/webpack/blob/master/examples/many-pages/README.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener">webpack 的自动重复数据删除算法示例</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/webpack/webpack/tree/master/examples/side-effects" target="_blank" rel="noopener">webpack4 tree-shaking 与 side-effect</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.jianshu.com/p/95752b101582" target="_blank" rel="noopener">webpack 、manifest 、runtime 、缓存与 CommonsChunkPlugin</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.jianshu.com/p/4dcccf390cb3" target="_blank" rel="noopener">vue-cli 中的 CommonsChunkPlugin 都做了些啥</a></li>
<li><a href="https://blog.csdn.net/napoleonxxx/article/details/81975186" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Webpack4 之 SplitChunksPlugin 规则</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.cnblogs.com/tugenhua0707/p/9520780.html#_labe1_0" target="_blank" rel="noopener">深入浅出的 webpack 构建工具—DllPlugin DllReferencePlugin 提高构建速度(七)</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.zhihu.com/question/275961568" target="_blank" rel="noopener">webpack4 中， splitchunks 和 dllplugin 可以并存吗？</a></li>
</ul>

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